lipu "toki Ju" la tenpo tu la ante li ni

toki Ju (o ante)

Revision as of 2023-08-04T10:17:17

2,460 bytes added en 2023-08-04

→‎kalama

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@@ linja nanpa 133: / linja nanpa 133: @@
 |}toki Sane li kulupu pi pini kalama pi ijo en kon en ko, en pini kalama lili en pini lili pi ijo en ko.kin la kalama open pi supa pi uta sewi li lon toki Sane.
-{{DEFAULTSORT:Ju}}
+===kalama pini===
-[[kulupu:ma Sonko]]
+toki Sane li toki Ju, toki Sane li kalama lili mute. The following is a list of all possible finals in Middle Period Shanghainese, as well as the Wugniu romanisation and example characters.<ref>Xu and Tang 1988, pp. 8</ref>
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
+! rowspan="2" |Medial!! colspan="15" |Nucleus
+|-
+!∅!!a!!ɔ!!o
+!ɤ
+!e
+!ø
+!ã
+!ɑ̃
+!ən
+!oŋ
+!aʔ
+!oʔ
+!əʔ
+!''telo''
+|-
+!∅
+|ɿ ⟨y⟩
+知次住
+|a ⟨a⟩
+太柴鞋
+|ɔ ⟨au⟩
+寶朝高
+|o ⟨o⟩
+花摸蛇
+|ɤ ⟨eu⟩
+斗丑狗
+|e ⟨e⟩
+雷來蘭
+|ø ⟨oe⟩
+干最亂
+|ã ⟨an⟩
+冷長硬
+|ɑ̃ ⟨aon⟩
+黨放忙
+|ən ⟨en⟩
+奮登論
+|oŋ ⟨on⟩
+翁蟲風
+|aʔ ⟨aq⟩
+辣麥客
+|oʔ ⟨oq⟩
+北郭目
+|əʔ ⟨eq⟩
+舌色割
+|əl ⟨er⟩
+而爾'''耳'''
+|-
+!i
+|i ⟨i⟩
+基錢微
+|ia ⟨ia⟩
+野寫亞
+|iɔ ⟨iau⟩
+條蕉搖
+|
+|iɤ ⟨ieu⟩
+流尤休
+|ie ⟨ie⟩
+廿械'''也'''
+|
+|iã ⟨ian⟩
+良象陽
+|iɑ̃ ⟨iaon⟩
+'''旺'''
+|in ⟨in⟩
+緊靈'''人'''
+|ioŋ ⟨ion⟩
+窮榮濃
+|iaʔ ⟨iaq⟩
+藥腳略
+|ioʔ ⟨ioq⟩
+肉浴玉
+|iɪʔ ⟨iq⟩
+筆亦吃
+|m ⟨m⟩
+'''呣畝'''嘸
+|-
+!u
+|u ⟨u⟩
+波歌做
+|ua ⟨ua⟩
+怪淮娃
+| ||
+|
+|ue ⟨ue⟩
+回慣彎
+|uø ⟨uoe⟩
+官歡緩
+|uã ⟨uan⟩
+橫光
+|uɑ̃ ⟨uaon⟩
+廣狂況
+|uən ⟨uen⟩
+困魂溫
+|
+|uaʔ ⟨uaq⟩
+挖划刮
+|
+|uəʔ ⟨ueq⟩
+活擴骨
+|
+|-
+!y
+|y ⟨iu⟩
+居女羽
+| || ||
+|
+|
+|yø ⟨ioe⟩
+園軟權
+|
+|
+|yn ⟨iun⟩
+均雲訓
+|
+|
+|
+|yɪʔ ⟨iuq⟩
+血缺悅
+|ŋ ⟨ng⟩
+五'''魚午'''
+|}
+耳 li kepeken e kalama ni lon lipu toki.
+也 li kepeken e kalama ni lon lipu toki.
+旺 li kepeken e kalama ni lon lipu toki.
+人 li kepeken e kalama ni lon lipu toki.
+呣 en 畝 li kepeken e kalama ni lon anpa toki.
+魚 en 午 li kepeken e kalama ni lon anpa toki.
+{{Notefoot}}
+sitelen pi kepeken lon sewi li pona, ni li ante tan sitelen kalama ale lon ni:<ref>Chen and Gussenhoven 2015.</ref><ref>Xu and Tang 1988, pp. 8.</ref><ref name="dupref1">Qian 2007.</ref>
+*/n/ li ken kalama tan [n ~ ŋ].
+*/ɑ̃/ li sike tan [ɒ̃] lon tenpo mute.
+*/ɔ/ sama kalama pini /ɔ/ en /iɔ/ li anpa tan [ɔ̞], taso /o/ lon /oʔ/ en /ioʔ/ li anpa tan [o̞] lon tenpo mute.
+*/iɪʔ/ li kalama tan [ɪʔ] sinpin open uta, sinpin uta sewi sinpin. taso ni li kalama tan [iɪʔ] sinpin lupa sinpin supa pi uta sewi.
+*kalama lili sewi li ken pakala monsi /n/.
+*/yɪʔ/ li ken wan poka /ioʔ/, ni li pali e wan weka pi kalama pini.
+*kalama pini poka /ʔ/ pini li lili e kalama lili lon pini ala.