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linja nanpa 1: |
linja nanpa 1: |
| {{poki sona toki
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| |nimi toki=toki Sonko
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| |nimi mama=汉语
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| |kulupu toki=Sonko Po
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| |ma=ma Sonko
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| [[ma tomo Onkon]] <br /> <!--Hong Kong-->
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| [[ma tomo Omun]] <br /> <!--Macau-->
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| [[ma Tawan]] <br /> <!--Taiwan-->
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| [[ma Sinkapo]] <br /> <!--Singapore-->
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| kulupu pi ma mute
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| |nasin sitelen=[[sitelen Sonko]] pi tenpo pini<br>sitelen Sonko pona
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| |ISO 639-1=zh
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| |ISO 639-2=chi / zho
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| |ISO 639-3=zho}}
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| {{nimi ijo|'''toki Sonko'''|汉语|toki Sonko|ipa=|}} li toki pi [[ma Sonko]]. nanpa jan pi toki mama la, ona li toki nanpa wan lon ma ale. taso, "toki Sonko" li toki wan ala li [[kulupu toki Sonko|kulupu mama toki]]. ken la, toki Sonko li nimi pi nasin toki pi [[kulupu lawa]] pi ma Sonko. toki lawa Sonko (anu {{nimi ijo|"toki Putonwa"|普通话, 普通話, Pǔtōnghuà}}) li kama tan {{nimi ijo|[[toki Kunwa|kulupu toki Kunwa]]|官话, 官話, Guānhuà}}.
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| toki Sonko li toki pi ma mute. ona li toki lawa pi [[ma Sonko]] li toki lon [[ma Tawan]], lon [[ma Sinkapo]], lon ma mute ante. ante mute pi toki Sonko li lon. sitelen la ona ale li sama mute. taso toki kalama la ona li ante mute.
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|
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| == kalama ==
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| ni li kalama pi toki Sonko lawa. taso, ni li kalama ala pi toki ante Sonko.
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|
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| === kalama suli ===
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| ! colspan="2" |
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| !open uta
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| !uta sewi sinpin
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| !linja uta monsi
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| !supa pi uta sewi
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| !uta sewi monsi
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| |-
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| | colspan="2" |nena
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| |m
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| |n
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| | colspan="2" rowspan="3" |
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| |ŋ
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| |-
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| | rowspan="2" |pini kalama
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| |kon
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| |pʰ
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| |tʰ
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| |kʰ
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| |-
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| |kon ala
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| |p
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| |t
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| |k
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| |-
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| | rowspan="2" |pini kalama lili
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| |kon
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| | rowspan="2" |
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| |t͡sʰ
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| |ʈ͡ʂʰ
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| |t͡ɕʰ
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| | rowspan="2" |
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| |-
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| |kon ala
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| |t͡s
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| |ʈ͡ʂ
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| |t͡ɕ
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| |-
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| | colspan="2" |pini lili
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| |f
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| |s
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| |ʂ
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| |ɕ
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| |x
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| |-
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| | colspan="2" |kalama telo
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| |w
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| |l
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| |ʐ~ɻ
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| |j, ɥ
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| |}
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|
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| === kalama lili ===
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| kalama lili pi toki Sonko li nasa mute
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| !
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| ! colspan="2" |sinpin
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| !meso
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| !monsi
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| |-
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| !sewi
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| |i
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| |y
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| |ɨ
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| |u
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| |-
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| !insa
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| | colspan="2" |e
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| |ə
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| |o
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| |-
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| !anpa
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| | colspan="2" |
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| |a
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| |}
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| ! rowspan="2" |kalama lili
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| ! rowspan="2" |meso kalama
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| ! colspan="5" |kalama pini
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| |-
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| !-
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| !-j
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| !-w
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| !-n
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| !-ŋ
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="3" |-
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| !-a-
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| |a
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| |aj
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| |aw
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| |an
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| |aŋ
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| |-
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| !-ə-
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| |ə
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| |ej
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| |ow
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| |ən
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| |əŋ
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| |-
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| !-ɨ-
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| |ɨ
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| | colspan="4" |
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="3" |-j-
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| !-ja-
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| |ja
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| | rowspan="3" |
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| |jaw
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| | rowspan="2" |jen
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| | rowspan="2" |jaŋ
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| |-
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| !-je-
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| |je
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| | rowspan="2" |jow
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| |-
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| !-(j)i-
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| |(j)i
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| |(j)in
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| |(j)iŋ
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="3" |-w-
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| !-wa-
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| |wa
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| |waj
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| | rowspan="3" |
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| |wan
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| |waŋ
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| |-
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| !-wo-
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| |wo
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| | rowspan="2" |wej
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| |wən
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| |wəŋ
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| |-
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| !-(w)u-
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| |(w)u
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| |(w)un
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| |(w)uŋ
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" |-ɥ-
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| !-y-
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| |y
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| | colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
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| |yn
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| | rowspan="2" |
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| |-
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| !-ɥe-
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| |ɥe
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| |ɥen
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| |}
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|
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| === kalama pi pana kon ===
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| ! colspan="2" |nanpa kalama
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| |1
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| |2
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| |3
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| |4
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| |5
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |toki
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| |sewi
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| |tawa sewi
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| |tawa anpa en sewi
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| |tawa anpa
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| |nasa ala
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |toki ilo Pinin
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| |ā
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| |á
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| |ǎ
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| |à
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| |a
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="3" |kalama lawa
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| !pali mute (ma tomo Pesin)
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| |˥ 55, ˦ 44
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| |˨˥ 25
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| |˨˩˨ 21(2)
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| |˥˨ 52, ˥˧ 53
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| | rowspan="4" |''(mute)''
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| |-
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| !pali mute (ma tomo Tape)
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| |˦ 44
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| |˧˨˧ 323
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| |˧˩˨ 31(2)
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| |˥˨ 52, ˥˧ 53
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| |-
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| !pali mute ante
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| |˥˦ 54, ˦˥ 45
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| |˧˨˥ 325, ˨˦ 24
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| |˨˩˧ 21(3), ˨ 22
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| |˦˨ 42
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |sitelen kalama pi sitelen Apije
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| |/á/
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| |/ǎ/ [a᷄]
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| |/à/ [à̤, a̤᷆, a̤᷉]
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| |/â/
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |nimi pi kalama pi pana kon
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| |陰平(阴平)
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| ''yīnpíng''
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| |陽平(阳平)
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| ''yángpíng''
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| |上
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| ''shǎng''
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| |去
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| ''qù''
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| |輕(轻)
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| ''qīng''
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |lukin
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| |巴/bā
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| |拔/bá
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| |把/bǎ
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| |爸/bà
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| |吧/ba
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| |}
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|
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| == toki ante ==
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| toki Sonko li toki wan ala li kulupu pi toki mute. toki lawa pi ma Sonko kama tan toki pi [[ma tomo Pesin]]. nimi pi toki ni li "toki Putonwa". toki Sonko la, nimi ni li "toki pi jan mute" anu "toki lawa". jan mute pi ma Sonko li ken toki e toki Sonko lawa. taso, jan mute pi ma Sonko li ken toki e toki ante mute. ma Sonko la, ma lili ali en ma tomo ali li jo e toki ante. jan pi sona toki li kulupu e toki ante ni. ni li kulupu suli:
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| * {{nimi ijo|[[toki Kunwa|kulupu toki Kunwa]]|官话/官話}}. toki lawa Sonko li kama tan kulupu ni.
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| * {{nimi ijo|kulupu toki Min|閩語/闽语}}. kulupu suli pi toki Min li tu: toki Min pi lon poka telo suli en toki Min insa. toki pi ma Tawan (台灣話/台湾话) en toki ante li lon kulupu toki Min.
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| * {{nimi ijo|[[toki Ju|kulupu toki Ju]]|(吳/吴)}}. toki Sane (上海話/上海话) en toki ante li lon kulupu toki Ju.
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| * {{nimi ijo|[[toki Jute|kulupu toki Jute]]|粵語/粤语|||ipa=}}. toki pi [[ma Enkon|ma tomo Enkon]] (香港) en [[toki Kantun]] (廣東話/广东话) en ante li lon kulupu toki Jute.
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| * {{nimi ijo|kulupu toki Kin|晉語/晋语}}. toki pi ma lili Sansi (山西) en ante li lon kulupu ni.
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| * {{nimi ijo|kulupu toki Kan|贛語/赣语}}. toki pi ma lili Sijansi (江西) en ante li lon kulupu ni.
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| * {{nimi ijo|kulupu toki Aka|客家話/客家话}}. toki Aka li jo e toki ante mute.
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| * {{nimi ijo|kulupu toki Sijan|湘語/湘语}}. toki pi ma lili Unan (湖南) en ante li lon kulupu ni.
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| == sitelen Sonko ==
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| toki ante ali pi toki Sonko li kepeken sitelen Sonko. toki Sonko la, sitelen Sonko li "[[sitelen Ansi]]" (漢字/汉字). toki Sonko la, nimi ni li "sitelen pi [[kulupu jan An]]". sitelen Kansi li kepeken sitelen nimi. sitelen nimi li ante pi sitelen kalama. sitelen nimi li sitelen e nimi. sitelen kalama li sitelen e kalama. tenpo ni la, jan li kepeken nasin pi sitelen nimi wan taso: sitelen Kansi.
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| toki ante Sonko ali la, sitelen Sonko li sama. taso, jan li ken toki e sitelen Sonko kepeken kalama ante.
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| nasin ante pi sitelen Sonko li lon. [[sitelen Pin In]] li nasin pi sitelen Sonko kepeken [[sitelen Lasina]]. tenpo pini la, jan li sitelen Lasina e toki Sonko kepeken {{nimi ijo|[[sitelen We Sije|nasin We Sije]]|Wade-Giles}}.
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Sonko}}
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| [[kulupu:ma Sonko|toki Sonko]]
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