lipu "toki Sonko" la tenpo tu la ante li ni
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{{poki sona toki|nimi toki=toki Sonko|nimi mama=汉语|kulupu toki=Sonko Po|ma=ma Sonko | {{poki sona toki | ||
|nimi toki=toki Sonko | |||
|nimi mama=汉语 | |||
|kulupu toki=Sonko Po | |||
|ma=ma Sonko | |||
[[ma tomo Onkon]] <br /> <!--Hong Kong--> | [[ma tomo Onkon]] <br /> <!--Hong Kong--> | ||
[[ma tomo | [[ma tomo Omun]] <br /> <!--Macau--> | ||
[[ma Tawan]] <br /> <!--Taiwan--> | [[ma Tawan]] <br /> <!--Taiwan--> | ||
[[ma Sinkapo]] <br /> <!--Singapore--> | [[ma Sinkapo]] <br /> <!--Singapore--> | ||
kulupu pi ma mute|nasin sitelen=sitelen Sonko pi tenpo pini<br>sitelen Sonko | kulupu pi ma mute | ||
|nasin sitelen=[[sitelen Sonko]] pi tenpo pini<br>sitelen Sonko pona | |||
|ISO 639-1=zh | |||
|ISO 639-2=chi / zho | |||
|ISO 639-3=zho}} | |||
{{nimi ijo|'''toki Sonko'''|汉语|toki Sonko|ipa=|}} li toki pi [[ma Sonko]]. nanpa jan pi toki mama la, ona li toki nanpa wan lon ma ale. taso, "toki Sonko" li toki wan ala li [[kulupu toki Sonko|kulupu mama toki]]. ken la, toki Sonko li nimi pi nasin toki pi [[kulupu lawa]] pi ma Sonko. toki lawa Sonko (anu {{nimi ijo|"toki Putonwa"|普通话, 普通話, Pǔtōnghuà}}) li kama tan {{nimi ijo|[[toki Kunwa|kulupu toki Kunwa]]|官话, 官話, Guānhuà}}. | |||
toki Sonko li toki pi ma mute. ona li toki lawa pi [[ma Sonko]] li toki lon [[ma Tawan]], lon [[ma Sinkapo]], lon ma mute ante. ante mute pi toki Sonko li lon. sitelen la ona ale li sama mute. taso toki kalama la ona li ante mute. | |||
== kalama == | |||
ni li kalama pi toki Sonko lawa. taso, ni li kalama ala pi toki ante Sonko. | |||
=== kalama suli === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! colspan="2" | | |||
!open uta | |||
!uta sewi sinpin | |||
!linja uta monsi | |||
!supa pi uta sewi | |||
!uta sewi monsi | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="2" |nena | |||
|m | |||
|n | |||
| colspan="2" rowspan="3" | | |||
|ŋ | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="2" |pini kalama | |||
|kon | |||
|pʰ | |||
|tʰ | |||
|kʰ | |||
|- | |||
|kon ala | |||
|p | |||
|t | |||
|k | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="2" |pini kalama lili | |||
|kon | |||
| rowspan="2" | | |||
|t͡sʰ | |||
|ʈ͡ʂʰ | |||
|t͡ɕʰ | |||
| rowspan="2" | | |||
|- | |||
|kon ala | |||
|t͡s | |||
|ʈ͡ʂ | |||
|t͡ɕ | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="2" |pini lili | |||
|f | |||
|s | |||
|ʂ | |||
|ɕ | |||
|x | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="2" |kalama telo | |||
|w | |||
|l | |||
|ʐ~ɻ | |||
|j, ɥ | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
* {{nimi ijo|kulupu toki | === kalama lili === | ||
* {{nimi ijo|kulupu toki | kalama lili pi toki Sonko li nasa mute | ||
* {{nimi ijo|kulupu toki | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! | |||
! colspan="2" |sinpin | |||
!meso | |||
!monsi | |||
|- | |||
!sewi | |||
|i | |||
|y | |||
|ɨ | |||
|u | |||
|- | |||
!insa | |||
| colspan="2" |e | |||
|ə | |||
|o | |||
|- | |||
!anpa | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
|a | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! rowspan="2" |kalama lili | |||
! rowspan="2" |meso kalama | |||
! colspan="5" |kalama pini | |||
|- | |||
!- | |||
!-j | |||
!-w | |||
!-n | |||
!-ŋ | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" |- | |||
!-a- | |||
|a | |||
|aj | |||
|aw | |||
|an | |||
|aŋ | |||
|- | |||
!-ə- | |||
|ə | |||
|ej | |||
|ow | |||
|ən | |||
|əŋ | |||
|- | |||
!-ɨ- | |||
|ɨ | |||
| colspan="4" | | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" |-j- | |||
!-ja- | |||
|ja | |||
| rowspan="3" | | |||
|jaw | |||
| rowspan="2" |jen | |||
| rowspan="2" |jaŋ | |||
|- | |||
!-je- | |||
|je | |||
| rowspan="2" |jow | |||
|- | |||
!-(j)i- | |||
|(j)i | |||
|(j)in | |||
|(j)iŋ | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" |-w- | |||
!-wa- | |||
|wa | |||
|waj | |||
| rowspan="3" | | |||
|wan | |||
|waŋ | |||
|- | |||
!-wo- | |||
|wo | |||
| rowspan="2" |wej | |||
|wən | |||
|wəŋ | |||
|- | |||
!-(w)u- | |||
|(w)u | |||
|(w)un | |||
|(w)uŋ | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |-ɥ- | |||
!-y- | |||
|y | |||
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | |||
|yn | |||
| rowspan="2" | | |||
|- | |||
!-ɥe- | |||
|ɥe | |||
|ɥen | |||
|} | |||
=== kalama pi pana kon === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! colspan="2" |nanpa kalama | |||
|1 | |||
|2 | |||
|3 | |||
|4 | |||
|5 | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |toki | |||
|sewi | |||
|tawa sewi | |||
|tawa anpa en sewi | |||
|tawa anpa | |||
|nasa ala | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |toki ilo Pinin | |||
|ā | |||
|á | |||
|ǎ | |||
|à | |||
|a | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" |kalama lawa | |||
!pali mute (ma tomo Pesin) | |||
|˥ 55, ˦ 44 | |||
|˨˥ 25 | |||
|˨˩˨ 21(2) | |||
|˥˨ 52, ˥˧ 53 | |||
| rowspan="4" |''(mute)'' | |||
|- | |||
!pali mute (ma tomo Tape) | |||
|˦ 44 | |||
|˧˨˧ 323 | |||
|˧˩˨ 31(2) | |||
|˥˨ 52, ˥˧ 53 | |||
|- | |||
!pali mute ante | |||
|˥˦ 54, ˦˥ 45 | |||
|˧˨˥ 325, ˨˦ 24 | |||
|˨˩˧ 21(3), ˨ 22 | |||
|˦˨ 42 | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |sitelen kalama pi sitelen Apije | |||
|/á/ | |||
|/ǎ/ [a᷄] | |||
|/à/ [à̤, a̤᷆, a̤᷉] | |||
|/â/ | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |nimi pi kalama pi pana kon | |||
|陰平(阴平) | |||
''yīnpíng'' | |||
|陽平(阳平) | |||
''yángpíng'' | |||
|上 | |||
''shǎng'' | |||
|去 | |||
''qù'' | |||
|輕(轻) | |||
''qīng'' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |lukin | |||
|巴/bā | |||
|拔/bá | |||
|把/bǎ | |||
|爸/bà | |||
|吧/ba | |||
|} | |||
== toki ante == | |||
toki Sonko li toki wan ala li kulupu pi toki mute. toki lawa pi ma Sonko kama tan toki pi [[ma tomo Pesin]]. nimi pi toki ni li "toki Putonwa". toki Sonko la, nimi ni li "toki pi jan mute" anu "toki lawa". jan mute pi ma Sonko li ken toki e toki Sonko lawa. taso, jan mute pi ma Sonko li ken toki e toki ante mute. ma Sonko la, ma lili ali en ma tomo ali li jo e toki ante. jan pi sona toki li kulupu e toki ante ni. ni li kulupu suli: | |||
* {{nimi ijo|[[toki Kunwa|kulupu toki Kunwa]]|官话/官話}}. toki lawa Sonko li kama tan kulupu ni. | |||
* {{nimi ijo|kulupu toki Min|閩語/闽语}}. kulupu suli pi toki Min li tu: toki Min pi lon poka telo suli en toki Min insa. toki pi ma Tawan (台灣話/台湾话) en toki ante li lon kulupu toki Min. | |||
* {{nimi ijo|[[toki Ju|kulupu toki Ju]]|(吳/吴)}}. toki Sane (上海話/上海话) en toki ante li lon kulupu toki Ju. | |||
* {{nimi ijo|[[toki Jute|kulupu toki Jute]]|粵語/粤语|||ipa=}}. toki pi [[ma Enkon|ma tomo Enkon]] (香港) en [[toki Kantun]] (廣東話/广东话) en ante li lon kulupu toki Jute. | |||
* {{nimi ijo|kulupu toki Kin|晉語/晋语}}. toki pi ma lili Sansi (山西) en ante li lon kulupu ni. | |||
* {{nimi ijo|kulupu toki Kan|贛語/赣语}}. toki pi ma lili Sijansi (江西) en ante li lon kulupu ni. | |||
* {{nimi ijo|kulupu toki Aka|客家話/客家话}}. toki Aka li jo e toki ante mute. | |||
* {{nimi ijo|kulupu toki Sijan|湘語/湘语}}. toki pi ma lili Unan (湖南) en ante li lon kulupu ni. | |||
== sitelen Sonko == | |||
toki ante ali pi toki Sonko li kepeken sitelen Sonko. toki Sonko la, sitelen Sonko li "[[sitelen Ansi]]" (漢字/汉字). toki Sonko la, nimi ni li "sitelen pi [[kulupu jan An]]". sitelen Kansi li kepeken sitelen nimi. sitelen nimi li ante pi sitelen kalama. sitelen nimi li sitelen e nimi. sitelen kalama li sitelen e kalama. tenpo ni la, jan li kepeken nasin pi sitelen nimi wan taso: sitelen Kansi. | |||
toki ante Sonko ali la, sitelen Sonko li sama. taso, jan li ken toki e sitelen Sonko kepeken kalama ante. | |||
nasin ante pi sitelen Sonko li lon. [[sitelen Pin In]] li nasin pi sitelen Sonko kepeken [[sitelen Lasina]]. tenpo pini la, jan li sitelen Lasina e toki Sonko kepeken {{nimi ijo|[[sitelen We Sije|nasin We Sije]]|Wade-Giles}}. | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sonko}} | |||
[[kulupu:ma Sonko|toki Sonko]] |