toki Mon

toki Mon Hmoob / 𖬌𖬣𖬵
kalama	[m̥ɔ̃́]
ma	ma Sonko ma Wije ma Tawi ma Lajo ma Mijama
kulupu toki	Mon-Mijen
nasin sitelen	sitelen Lasina sitelen Pa A Mon
nanpa toki
ISO 639-3	hmn

toki Mon (toki Mon Ta: Hmoob [m̥ɔ̃́]) li kulupu toki pi kulupu jan Mon. ona la nasin pi ante lili li lon ma ante. ona li lon ma mute pi ma Asija pi open suno anpa. jan mute pi toki Mon li lon ma Mewika kin.

nasin ante

nasin mute pi toki Mon li lon. ni li nasin tu wan:

• toki Mon Ta (Hmoob Dawb, "toki Mon walo")
• toki Mon Len (Moob Leeg, "toki Mon laso")
• toki Mon To Sa (Hmongb Drout Raol, "toki Mon pi kulupu nena Tanasan")

toki Mon Ta en toki Mon Len li suli lon ma Mewika lon ma Lajo. toki Mon To Sa li suli lon ma Sonko.

kalama

toki Mon la kalama mute en kule kalama mute li lon. toki Mon Ta anu toki Mon Len la kalama ni li ken lon sitelen Lasina li ken lon sitelen Pa A Mon. toki Mon To Sa la kalama ni li ken lon sitelen Lasina taso.

kalama pi uta open

kalama wan

	sinpin uta		insa uta		monsi uta
	kon tan uta	kon tan nena	kon tan uta	kon tan nena	kon tan uta	kon tan nena
sewi	i ⟨i⟩ 𖬂, 𖬃		ɨ ⟨w⟩ 𖬘, 𖬙		u ⟨u⟩ 𖬆, 𖬇
insa	e ⟨e⟩ 𖬈, 𖬉	ẽ~eŋ ⟨ee⟩ 𖬀, 𖬁
anpa			a ⟨a⟩ 𖬖, 𖬗	ã~aŋ ⟨aa⟩ 𖬚, 𖬛	ɔ ⟨o⟩ 𖬒, 𖬓	ɔ̃~ɔŋ ⟨oo⟩ 𖬌, 𖬍

kalama tu

kama monsi	kama insa
ai ⟨ai⟩ ‎ 𖬊, 𖬋	iə ⟨ia⟩ 𖬔, 𖬕
aɨ ⟨aw⟩ 𖬎, 𖬏
au ⟨au⟩ 𖬄, 𖬅	uə ⟨ua⟩ 𖬐, 𖬑
əw ⟨ou⟩ eβ ⟨eu⟩

kalama /ã~aŋ/ li lon ala toki Mon Ta. kalama /iə/ li lon toki Mon Ta taso. kalama /əw/ en kalama /eβ/ li lon toki Mon To Sa taso.

kalama /ɨ/ li sama kalama /i/ lon toki Mon To Sa. kalama /uə/ li kalama /wɒ/ lon toki Mon To Sa.

toki Mon To Sa la, nasin sitelen li ante lili. /ɔ̃~ɔŋ/ li ⟨ong⟩. /ã~aŋ/ li ⟨ang⟩. /ẽ~eŋ/ li ⟨eng⟩.

kalama pi uta pini

kalama (toki Mon Ta, toki Mon Len)

			selo		kiwen		palisa sike	sewi kiwen	sewi ko	sike monsi	lupa
			poka ala	poka	poka ala	poka
nena	wawa ala		m̥ ⟨hm⟩ 𖬣𖬵	m̥ˡ ⟨hml⟩ 𖬠𖬰	n̥ ⟨hn⟩‎ 𖬩			ɲ̥ ⟨hny⟩ 𖬣𖬰
	wawa		m ⟨m⟩ 𖬦	mˡ ⟨ml⟩ 𖬠	n ⟨n⟩ 𖬬			ɲ ⟨ny⟩ 𖬮𖬵
pini	wawa ala	kon lili	p ⟨p⟩ 𖬪𖬵	pˡ ⟨pl⟩ 𖬟𖬵	t ⟨t⟩ 𖬧𖬵	tˡ ⟨dl⟩ 𖬭	ʈ ⟨r⟩ 𖬡	c ⟨c⟩ 𖬯	k ⟨k⟩	q ⟨q⟩ 𖬦𖬵
		kon mute	pʰ ⟨ph⟩ 𖬝𖬵	pˡʰ ⟨plh⟩‎ 𖬪	tʰ ⟨th⟩ 𖬟𖬰	tˡʰ ⟨dlh⟩‎ 𖬭𖬴	ʈʰ ⟨rh⟩‎ 𖬢𖬵	cʰ ⟨ch⟩ 𖬧	kʰ ⟨kh⟩ 𖬩𖬰	qʰ ⟨qh⟩ 𖬣
	wawa	kon lili			d ⟨d⟩ 𖬞𖬰
		kon mute			dʱ ⟨dh⟩ 𖬞𖬵
	nena	kon lili	ᵐb ⟨np⟩ 𖬨𖬵	ᵐbˡ ⟨npl⟩ 𖬫𖬰	ⁿd ⟨nt⟩ 𖬩𖬵	ⁿdˡ ⟨ndl⟩ 𖬭𖬰	ᶯɖ ⟨nr⟩ 𖬜𖬰	ᶮɟ ⟨nc⟩ 𖬤𖬰	ᵑɡ ⟨nk⟩ 𖬢	ᶰɢ ⟨nq⟩ 𖬬𖬰
		kon mute	ᵐbʰ ⟨nph⟩ 𖬡𖬰	ᵐbˡʰ ⟨nplh⟩ 𖬡𖬵	ⁿdʰ ⟨nth⟩‎ 𖬫	ⁿdˡʰ ⟨ndlh⟩‎ 𖬭𖬵	ᶯɖʰ ⟨nrh⟩‎ 𖬨𖬰	ᶮɟʰ ⟨nch⟩ 𖬨	ᵑgʰ ⟨nkh⟩‎ 𖬫𖬵	ᶰɢʰ ⟨nqh⟩ 𖬬𖬵
pini pana	kon lili	nena ala			ts ⟨tx⟩ 𖬯𖬵		tʂ ⟨ts⟩ 𖬝𖬰
		nena			ⁿdz ⟨ntx⟩ 𖬢𖬰		ᶯdʐ ⟨nts⟩ 𖬝
	kon mute	nena ala			tsʰ ⟨txh⟩ 𖬦𖬰		tʂʰ ⟨tsh⟩ 𖬪𖬰
		nena			ⁿdzʰ ⟨ntxh⟩‎ 𖬥𖬵		ᶯdʐʰ ⟨ntsh⟩ 𖬯𖬰
kon	wawa ala		f ⟨f⟩ 𖬜𖬵		s ⟨x⟩ 𖬮	l̥ ⟨hl⟩‎ 𖬥	ʂ ⟨s⟩ 𖬤𖬵	ɕ ~ ç ⟨xy⟩ 𖬧𖬰			h ⟨h⟩ 𖬟
	wawa		v ⟨v⟩‎ 𖬜			l ⟨l⟩‎ 𖬞	ʐ ⟨z⟩ 𖬥𖬰	ʑ ~ ʝ ⟨y⟩ 𖬤

kalama ni li lon toki Mon Ta taso: /m̥ m̥ˡ n̥ ɲ̥ d dʱ/

kalama ni li lon toki Mon Len taso: /tˡ tˡʰ ⁿdˡ ⁿdˡʰ/

kalama /k/ li lon ala sitelen Pa A Mon.

nasin sitelen en kulupu kalama li ante lon toki Mon To Sa.

kalama (toki Mon To Sa)

			selo		kiwen		palisa sike	sewi kiwen	sewi ko	sike monsi
			poka ala	poka	poka ala	poka
nena	wawa ala		m̥ ⟨hm⟩		n̥ ⟨hn⟩‎			ɲ̥ ⟨hni⟩
	wawa		m ⟨m⟩		n ⟨n⟩			ɲ ⟨ni⟩	ŋ ⟨ngg⟩
pini	kon lili		p ⟨b⟩	pˡ ⟨bl⟩	t ⟨d⟩	tˡ ⟨dl⟩	ʈ ⟨dr⟩		k ⟨g⟩	q ⟨gh⟩
	kon mute		pʰ ⟨p⟩	pˡʰ ⟨pl⟩‎	tʰ ⟨t⟩	tˡʰ ⟨tl⟩‎	ʈʰ ⟨tr⟩‎		kʰ ⟨k⟩	qʰ ⟨kh⟩
	nena	kon lili	ᵐb ⟨nb⟩	ᵐbˡ ⟨nbl⟩	ⁿd ⟨nd⟩		ᶯɖ ⟨ndr⟩		ᵑɡ ⟨ng⟩	ᶰɢ ⟨nqh⟩
		kon mute	ᵐbʰ ⟨np⟩	ᵐbˡʰ ⟨npl⟩	ⁿdʰ ⟨nt⟩‎		ᶯɖʰ ⟨ntr⟩‎		ᵑgʰ ⟨nk⟩‎	ᶰɢʰ ⟨nkh⟩
pini pana	kon lili	nena ala			ts ⟨z⟩		tʂ ⟨zh⟩	tɕ ⟨j⟩
		nena			ⁿdz ⟨nz⟩		ᶯdʐ ⟨nzh⟩	ⁿtʑ ⟨nj⟩
	kon mute	nena ala			tsʰ ⟨c⟩		tʂʰ ⟨ch⟩	tɕʰ ⟨q⟩
		nena			ⁿdzʰ ⟨nc⟩‎		ᶯdʐʰ ⟨nch⟩	ⁿtʑʰ ⟨nq⟩
kon	wawa ala		f ⟨f⟩		s ⟨s⟩	l̥ ⟨hl⟩‎	ʂ ⟨sh⟩	ɕ ⟨xy⟩	x ⟨h⟩
	wawa		v ⟨v⟩‎			l ⟨l⟩‎	ʐ ⟨r⟩	ʑ ~ ʝ ⟨y⟩

kule kalama

toki Mon Ta en toki Mon Len la kule kalama luka tu wan li lon. toki Mon To Sa la kule kalama pi mute sama li lon, taso ona li ante.

kule kalama (toki Mon Ta, toki Mon Len)

kule	sitelen Lasina	sitelen Pa A Mon
sewi	pob	𖬒𖬰𖬪𖬵
anpa	pom	𖬒𖬪𖬵
kama sewi	pov	𖬒𖬶𖬪𖬵
kama anpa	poj	𖬒𖬲𖬪𖬵
anpa lili	pos	𖬓𖬲𖬪𖬵
anpa lili kepeken kon mute	pog	𖬓𖬪𖬵
sewi ala, anpa ala	po	𖬓𖬰𖬪𖬵
kama sewi kepeken tenpo mute	ped	𖬈𖬱𖬪𖬵

kule kalama (toki Mon To Sa)

kule	sitelen Lasina
kama anpa tan sewi	-b
sewi	-d
sewi lili	-t
sewi ala, anpa ala	-k
kama anpa	-x
kama anpa kepeken kon mute	-l
kama sewi lili kepeken kon mute	-s
kama sewi	-f

toki Mon To Sa la kule kalama ni li toki e kon mute. ni la jan li ken toki e ijo mute kepeken kule ni taso kepeken ilo pi kalama musi.

lawa

nasin pi toki Mon li nasin SVO. ni li sama toki pona.

nimi ijo

nimi ijo li kama ala ante. o lukin e kulupu nimi tu ni:

• (toki Mon Ta) Kuv noj nws. / 𖬇 𖬒𖬲𖬬 𖬙𖬲𖬬. (mi moku e ona.)
• (toki Mon Ta) Nws noj kuv. / 𖬙𖬲𖬬 𖬒𖬲𖬬 𖬇. (ona li moku e mi.)

lon kulupu nimi tu ni, nimi "kuv" li sama. ma ona lon kulupu nimi li toki e pali ona.

nimi li sama "mi" anu "sina" anu "ona" la nanpa tu wan li lon: wan, tu, mute. toki Mon Ta la nimi li ni:

nimi pi toki Mon Ta

	wan	tu	mute
mi	kuv 𖬆𖬲	wb 𖬘𖬰𖬮𖬰	peb 𖬈𖬰𖬪𖬵
sina	koj 𖬒𖬲	neb 𖬈𖬰𖬬	nej 𖬈𖬲𖬬
ona	nws 𖬙𖬲𖬬	nkawv 𖬤𖬢	lawv 𖬎𖬶𖬞

nimi pali

nimi pali li kama ala ante. o lukin e kulupu nimi tu ni:

• (toki Mon Ta) Nag hmo kuv noj nws. / 𖬗𖬶𖬬 𖬓𖬰𖬣𖬵 𖬇 𖬒𖬲𖬬 𖬙𖬲𖬬. (tenpo suno pini la mi moku e ona.)
• (toki Mon Ta) Tag kis kuv noj nws. / 𖬗𖬶𖬧𖬵 𖬃𖬲 𖬇 𖬒𖬲𖬬 𖬙𖬲𖬬. (tenpo suno kama la mi moku e ona.)

lon kulupu nimi tu ni, nimi "noj" li sama. nimi tenpo, sama nag hmo sama tag kis, li toki e tenpo ona.

tenpo la nimi ante li ken toki e tawa pi pali ni.

• (toki Mon Len) Puab taab tom haus dlej. / 𖬐𖬶𖬪𖬵 𖬚𖬲𖬧𖬵 𖬒𖬧𖬵 𖬅𖬰𖬟 𖬈𖬲𖬭. (ona li moku e telo. pali ni li open lon tenpo pini li awen lon tenpo ni.)
• (toki Mon Len) Kuv haus dlej lawm. / 𖬆𖬲 𖬒𖬲𖬬 𖬒𖬶𖬦 𖬎𖬰𖬞. (mi moku e telo. tenpo ni la pali ni li pini.)
  • toki Mon Ta la nimi "lawm" li toki e ni: pali ni li open lon tenpo pini li awen lon tenpo ni.
• (toki Mon Len) Kuv yuav moog. / 𖬆𖬲 𖬐𖬲𖬤 𖬍𖬶𖬦. (mi tawa. pali ni li lon tenpo kama.)
• (toki Mon Ta) Lawv tau noj nqaij nyug. / 𖬎𖬶𖬞 𖬧𖬵 𖬒𖬲𖬬 𖬊𖬶𖬬𖬰 𖬇𖬲𖬮𖬵. (ona li moku e soweli. tenpo ni la pali ni li pini.)

lipu kepeken ona

ni li lipu kepeken toki Mon Ta.

• (sitelen Lasina) Txhua tus neeg yug los muaj kev ywj pheej thiab sib npaug zos hauv txoj cai. Lawv xaj nrog lub laj thawj thiab lub siab thiab ib leeg yuav tsum coj ua ke ntawm ib leeg ntawm txoj kev ua kwv tij.
• (sitelen Pa A Mon) 𖬑𖬦𖬰 𖬇𖬰𖬧𖬵 𖬁𖬲𖬬 𖬇𖬲𖬤 𖬓𖬲𖬞 𖬐𖬰𖬦 𖬉 𖬘𖬲𖬤 𖬀𖬰𖬝𖬵 𖬔𖬟𖬰 𖬂𖬲𖬤𖬵 𖬅𖬲𖬨𖬵 𖬓𖬲𖬥𖬰 𖬄𖬲𖬟 𖬒𖬲𖬯𖬵 𖬋𖬯. 𖬎𖬶𖬞 𖬖𖬰𖬮 𖬓𖬜𖬰 𖬆𖬰𖬞 𖬖𖬞𖬰 𖬎𖬲𖬟𖬰 𖬔𖬟𖬰 𖬆𖬰𖬞 𖬔𖬤𖬵 𖬔𖬟𖬰 𖬂𖬮𖬰 𖬁𖬲𖬞 𖬐𖬲𖬤 𖬆𖬝𖬰 𖬒𖬲𖬯 𖬅𖬮𖬰 𖬉𖬰 𖬎𖬰𖬩𖬵 𖬂𖬲𖬮𖬰 𖬁𖬲𖬞 𖬎𖬰𖬩𖬵 𖬒𖬲𖬯𖬵 𖬉 𖬅𖬮𖬰 𖬙 𖬂𖬰𖬧𖬵.
• (toki pona) jan ali li kama lon nasin ni: ona li ken tawa li ken pali. jan ali li kama lon sama. jan ali li jo e ken pi pilin suli. jan ali li ken pali e wile pona ona. jan ali li wile pali kepeken nasin ni: ona li jan pona tawa jan ante.
• (toki Inli) All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.